In any flooring project, the subfloor is one of the most important elements that are often neglected when laying down new floorings. The subfloor is the layer that is installed below your floors and it offers support and structure to the finished floor as well as a level surface. It is important to select the correct subfloor as it will affect the life and appearance of the floors. This guide will explain the factors and choices to make when choosing the right subfloor for hardwood, tile, and laminate floors.
Understanding Subfloors
A subfloor is the layer of material that is placed right below the finished floor of a building. It is placed on the floor joists and forms a base for the floor covering to be laid on. The primary functions of a subfloor include:The primary functions of a subfloor include:
Structural Support: It transfers the weight of the floor and anything that is put on it to the floor joists.
Moisture Barrier: It also assists in avoiding water from getting to the flooring from the bottom and that is quite useful in regions that are prone to dampness or even water exposure.
Smooth Surface: It offers a level and smooth sub-stratum for the placement of the finished floor.
Types of Subfloor Materials
Plywood:
Mostly applied in construction of houses and other residential buildings.
Offers strength and stability.
They come in different thickness ranging from 5/8 inch to 1 1/8 inch in thickness.
Applicable for hardwood, laminate and some tile floorings.
Oriented Strand Board (OSB):
It is a panel that is made from compressed wood strands and adhesives used in manufacturing.
More affordable than plywood.
Provides similar strength but may not be as durable when exposed to a lot of moisture.
Ideal for hardwood and laminate, but should not be used on tiles.
Concrete:
Mostly installed in basements and other structures that are built on the ground.
Gives a good and sound foundation.
Suitable for tile work especially in areas that are exposed to water.
It has special needs for moisture control and leveling.
Cement Board:
Made to be used for tile installation only.
It prevents water from getting through and offers a good surface for tiles to be placed on.
Applied over the plywood or OSB for increased durability in areas that are exposed to water.
Selecting the Right Subfloors for the Hardwood Floors
Hardwood floors are one of the most sought after because of their elegance and the fact that they are long lasting. However, they need a stable and level subfloor to avoid problems such as squeaking, warping and uneven wearing and tear. Here are some considerations when choosing a subfloor for hardwood:Here are some considerations when choosing a subfloor for hardwood:
Subfloor Material
Plywood: A 3/4 inch thick plywood subfloor is what is usually advised for hardwood floors. It offers the much needed support and stability. If the existing subfloor is not thick enough, then more layers of plywood can be put down.
OSB: However, when it comes to hardwood installations, OSB can be used but it has to be at least 3/4 inch thick and of good quality. Do not use OSB where there is likely to be moisture.
Moisture Considerations
Moisture Barrier: It is recommended to lay a moisture barrier like asphalt felt paper or rosin paper on the subfloor to avoid the transfer of moisture to the hardwood flooring.
Acclimation: It is advisable to let the hardwood flooring adjust to the humidity of the room it is to be installed in to avoid expansion and contraction.
Installation Tips
Make sure the subfloor is smooth, flat and there are no particles of dirt or any other material on it.
To fix the hardwood to the subfloor, use the right fasteners including nails or staples.
It is recommended to leave expansion gaps at the perimeter of the room to enable the floor to expand and contract freely.
Selecting Subfloors to Lay Tile on
Tile floors are very popular because they are very durable and do not get affected by water, which is why they are mostly used in kitchens, bathrooms and other rooms that are exposed to a lot of water. The right subfloor is critical in order to avoid cracking and to guarantee a durable installation.
Subfloor Material
Concrete: Tile can be installed directly over concrete and that is why concrete is a good subfloor for tile installation. Make sure it is clean, flat, and does not have any cracks on it. Leveling compound can be used if the surface is not even to ensure that the surface is leveled.
Cement Board: For wood subfloors, it is suggested to place a cement board (HardieBacker or Durock) over the plywood or OSB. Cement board is used to give a stable and moisture free surface for the tiles.
Moisture Considerations
Waterproofing Membrane: In areas where there is likely to be exposure to water, it is recommended that one should cover the cement board with a waterproofing membrane to prevent water seepage.
Installation Tips
Apply a high quality thin set mortar on the subfloor while fixing the tiles.
Make sure that there is equal distribution of tiles by using tile spacers to create equal gaps for the grout.
It is advisable to allow the tiles to dry and set before walking on them to give the adhesive enough time to bond with the tiles.
Selecting the Subfloors for Laminate Floors
Laminate flooring is a very affordable and flexible material that can give the appearance of hardwood or tile flooring. It needs a good and flat surface of the subfloor to avoid problems like the floor coming up or having spaces.
Subfloor Material
Plywood or OSB: Plywood and OSB are both good subfloors for laminate flooring and can be used in the installation of the flooring. Make sure that they are at least 3/4 inch thick and are not damaged.
Underlayment: Underlayment is usually used with laminate floors to give the floor some cushioning, to reduce the noise and to also act as a moisture barrier. Select an underlayment that is appropriate for the laminate being installed as well as the room where it will be installed.
Moisture Considerations
Moisture Barrier: When laying the laminate over a concrete subfloor, it is recommended to lay a moisture barrier underlayment to avoid the seepage of moisture through the subfloor.
Installation Tips
It is recommended that the subfloor should be clean, dry and should not have any irregularities.
Lay the underlayment according to the manufacturer’s guidelines and then lay the laminate planks as per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
It is recommended to leave expansion gaps at the periphery of the room to allow for changes in temperature and humidity.
Choosing the right subfloor is a critical step in ensuring the success and longevity of your flooring installation. Consider the specific requirements of hardwood, tile, and laminate floors, and select a subfloor material that provides the necessary support, moisture protection, and stability. By taking the time to choose the right subfloor, you can enjoy beautiful and durable floors that enhance the comfort and value of your home.
For more personalized advice on your flooring project, consult with a flooring professional to assess your specific needs and conditions. With the right subfloor in place, your new floors will provide lasting beauty and performance for years to come.
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